Computer Systems Security

Introduction Software security is a critical area in the field of cybersecurity, aiming to protect software applications from malicious attacks and unintentional vulnerabilities. In this guide, we will explore the fundamentals of software security, focusing on common threats, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. By understanding the root causes of vulnerabilities and implementing proactive defenses, developers can […]

Introduction The system startup process is a foundational topic in hardware security, and understanding it thoroughly requires a deep dive into supplemental materials. Below are recommended texts and publications for further exploration of system startup concepts, including BIOS, UEFI, rootkits, and trusted platform dynamics. 1. NIST SP Publications The National Institute of Standards and Technology

Introduction Hardware security solutions provide robust mechanisms to protect systems and data against threats. These solutions include both software-based techniques like virtualization, emulation, and containerization, as well as hardware-based approaches such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs), Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), and Secure Elements (SEs). In this article, we’ll explore these technologies, their security benefits, and

Introduction Rootkits are typically associated with malware due to their ability to hide processes and files from the operating system (OS). However, there have been cases where companies, such as Lenovo, used rootkit-like techniques for purposes other than traditional cyberattacks. In 2015, it was revealed that Lenovo had installed rootkits on its laptops to quietly

Introduction The system hardware attack surface includes multiple layers of a computer system below the operating system (OS) that can be exploited by attackers. These layers, such as the hypervisor, firmware, and chipset, provide critical functionality but also present vulnerabilities. In this article, we’ll explore the attack surface at these layers, define the concept of

Introduction The system startup process is a fundamental aspect of computer operations and security. It initializes the hardware and loads the operating system (OS), serving as a critical stage where potential vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers. This article examines the essential elements of system startup, including reference monitors, BIOS protection, and practical mitigation strategies.

Introduction The computer startup process, or system boot, is a critical phase where the hardware is initialized, and the operating system (OS) is loaded. This process is also a common target for attackers who exploit vulnerabilities to inject persistent malware, such as rootkits, that hide beneath the OS layer. In this article, we will delve

Introduction to Hardware Security Hardware security is a critical area of cybersecurity that focuses on safeguarding the physical and firmware components of a computer system. As attackers continue to evolve their methods, securing hardware becomes increasingly vital to ensure the integrity of the entire computing ecosystem. In this article, we’ll cover key aspects of hardware

Information flow models are critical for understanding how data flows within a system and ensuring it adheres to security policies. In this article, we explore information flow concepts, including partial ordering, and review four key access control models: Bell-LaPadula, Biba, Chinese Wall, and Clark-Wilson. Information Flow Policies At its core, information flow represents the movement

Access control is a cornerstone of cybersecurity, determining how users and processes interact with system resources. In this article, we delve into the concepts of the Access Control Matrix, Access Control Lists (ACLs), and Capabilities, with a focus on their implementation in operating systems like Unix. Understanding the Access Control Matrix The Access Control Matrix