Information Privacy

In 2013, the world was shaken by one of the most significant intelligence leaks in modern history. Edward Snowden, a contractor working with the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), exposed a massive surveillance apparatus operating on a global scale. The disclosures not only revealed the scope of government surveillance but also ignited global debates about […]

As mass surveillance becomes a global concern, the question isn’t just whether encryption works—but whether it works at scale, under realistic adversarial models like nation-states. In their landmark 2014 paper, Security of Symmetric Encryption Against Mass Surveillance, cryptographers Bellare, Paterson, and Rogaway investigate the limitations of symmetric encryption in the face of powerful, well-resourced surveillance

As digital technologies expand rapidly, so does the capacity for state surveillance of the public. In Section III of the 2022 report by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), global concerns around privacy in the digital age are brought into sharp focus. The report underscores the urgent need to

The evolution of the internet has redefined what surveillance looks like in the 21st century. Where surveillance once involved physical tailing or wiretaps, digital surveillance now operates invisibly, at scale, and with unprecedented precision. From your smartphone’s GPS to your online search history, everything you do online can generate data—and that data can be watched,

As digital surveillance and cybersecurity technologies become more sophisticated, the public debate around privacy rights and national security continues to intensify. Governments and tech companies argue for greater surveillance powers to ensure safety, while privacy advocates warn of civil liberties being eroded in the process. But how do everyday citizens—the people most affected by these

As technology becomes increasingly embedded in daily life, discussions around surveillance and mass surveillance are more relevant than ever. Whether it’s through mobile apps, social media platforms, or state-run systems, the ability to monitor individuals and groups has grown exponentially. But what exactly do we mean by surveillance—and how does it evolve into mass surveillance?

During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital contact tracing apps were deployed globally as a rapid response tool to limit the spread of infection. While the technology was grounded in Bluetooth-based exposure notifications and privacy-preserving architectures, public engagement emerged as a critical factor in the apps’ success—or failure. This article explores how public perception shaped the effectiveness