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Introduction Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is a critical web security vulnerability that exploits the trust a web application has in a user’s browser. By leveraging authenticated sessions, attackers can trick users into performing unintended actions on web applications without their…

Introduction Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a major web security vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into trusted websites. These scripts execute in the victim’s browser, leading to data theft, session hijacking, phishing, and unauthorized actions. Based on Fogie…

Introduction Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) are two of the most dangerous security vulnerabilities affecting web applications today. Understanding how these attacks work and how to defend against them is critical for developers, security professionals, and web…

Introduction Web applications are a primary target for cyberattacks, making penetration testing (pen testing) a crucial security practice. Web application penetration testing involves simulating attacks to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in an application before malicious actors can exploit them. This…

Introduction SQL Injection (SQLi) is a critical cybersecurity threat that allows attackers to manipulate database queries and gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. While basic SQL injection exploits are well-known, attackers use advanced SQL injection strategies to bypass security measures…